Steel structure buildings combine the style and beauty of classical and modern architecture. Many large buildings around the world use steel structure technology in large quantities. So what are the famous steel structure buildings in the world? Please follow my footsteps to appreciate the style of the world’s top ten steel structure buildings.
Eiffel Tower
The Eiffel Tower stands on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is a world-famous building, one of the symbols of French culture, one of the landmarks of Paris, and the tallest building in Paris. It is 300 meters high, the antenna is 24 meters high, and the total height is 324 meters. It was built in 1889 and is named after the famous architect and structural engineer Gustave Eiffel who designed it. The iron tower is novel and unique in design, and is a technological masterpiece in the history of world architecture, an important scenic spot and a prominent symbol of Paris, France. The tower is a steel structure and hollow, which can effectively reduce the impact of wind. It is a frame structure with stability, and it is small at the top and large at the bottom, light at the top and heavy at the bottom, very stable.
New York Empire State Building
The Empire State Building is a famous skyscraper located between 350 Fifth Avenue, West 33rd Street and West 34th Street in Manhattan, New York City, New York, USA. The New York State Building or the Empire State Building, but the translation of the Empire State Building has been agreed in the secular world and is still in use today. The Empire State Building is one of the most famous landmarks and tourist attractions in New York City and the United States. It is the fourth tallest skyscraper in the United States and the Americas, the 25th tallest skyscraper in the world, and the skyscraper that has maintained the status of the tallest building in the world for the longest time (1931-1972. ). The building is 381 meters high and has 103 floors. The antenna added in 1951 is 62 meters high, raising its total height to 443 meters. Designed by Shreeve, Lamb, and Harmon Architects, it is an Art Deco building. The building started in 1930 and was completed in 1931. The construction process took only 410 days, which is a rare construction speed record in the world.
The Empire State Building uses a reinforced concrete tube-in-tube structure, which increases the lateral stiffness of the building. Therefore, even under a wind speed of 130 kilometers per hour, the maximum displacement of the top of the building is only 25.65 centimeters.
San Francisco Golden Gate Bridge
The Golden Gate Bridge is one of the world’s famous bridges and a miracle of modern bridge engineering. The bridge stands on the 1,900-meter-long Golden Gate Strait in California, USA. It took 4 years and more than 100,000 tons of steel to build at a cost of 35.5 million US dollars. It was designed by bridge engineer Joseph Strauss. Because of its historical value, it was co-produced by Britain and the United States into a documentary of the same name in 2007. The Golden Gate Bridge is one of the world-famous steel structure bridges and a miracle of modern bridge engineering. It has the reputation of a classic orange steel structure bridge.
Tokyo TV Tower
Tokyo TV Tower was completed in December 1958. It was opened to tourists in July 1968. The tower is 333 meters high and covers an area of 2118 square meters. On September 27, 1998, Tokyo will build the world’s tallest TV tower. The tallest independent steel tower in Japan is 13 meters taller than the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. The construction materials used are half of the Eiffel Tower, and the construction time is less than one-third of the Eiffel Tower’s construction time. Shocked the whole world. It is a reinforced concrete structure, which has the advantages of firmness, durability, good fire resistance, saving steel and lower cost than pure steel structures.
Sears Tower, Chicago
The Sears Tower, also translated as the Willis Group Building, is a skyscraper located in Chicago, Illinois, USA. It was once the tallest building in North America. On November 12, 2013, it was broken by One World Trade Center. When it was completed, it was called the Sears Tower. In 2009, the Willis Group, a London-based insurance brokerage company, agreed to lease a large proportion of the building as an office building, and at the same time acquired the building’s ownership as part of the contract. naming rights. At 10:00 on July 16, 2009, the official name of the building was officially changed to Willis Group Building. At 110 stories, the Sears Tower was once the tallest office building in the world. About 16,500 people go to work here every day. On the 103rd floor, there is an observation deck for tourists overlooking the city. It is 412 meters above the ground and can see 4 states of the United States on a clear day.
The building adopts a beam-tube structural system composed of steel frames. The entire building is regarded as a cantilevered beam tube space structure, the farther it is from the ground, the smaller the shear force is, and the vibration at the top of the building caused by wind pressure is also significantly reduced. This greatly enhances the building’s rigidity and ability to resist lateral forces.
Kuala Lumpur Twin Towers
Once the tallest skyscraper in the world, the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur are still the tallest twin towers in the world and the fifth tallest building in the world. Located in the northwest corner of downtown Kuala Lumpur. The Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur is 452 meters high, with a total of 88 floors above the ground. The surface of the building designed by American architect Cesar Pelli uses a lot of materials such as stainless steel and glass. The Petronas Twin Towers and the neighboring Kuala Lumpur Tower are both well-known landmarks and symbols of Kuala Lumpur. The reinforced concrete frame (core tube) outrigger structure system adopted by the twin towers is a mixed structure based on reinforced concrete structure, with a steel consumption of 7,500 tons. The subsidiary circular frame structure next to each main structure is connected with the main body, which can increase the lateral resistance capacity of the main structure.
London Millennium Dome
The Millennium Dome has been described as a deformed building in the past, but at the same time it is a representative building of London. The well-known financial magazine “Forbes” conducted a poll on architects. As a result, the Millennium Dome, which cost 750 million pounds to build in Britain to celebrate the millennium, was selected as the first place in “the ugliest thing in the world”. The Millennium Dome is an exhibition science center building located on the Greenwich Peninsula by the River Thames, covering an area of 300 acres and costing 80 million pounds (1.25 billion U.S. dollars). One of the monumental buildings built.
US World Trade Center
The World Trade Center (1973-September 11, 2001), located at the southwestern tip of Manhattan Island in New York, facing the Hudson River to the west, is one of the landmarks of New York, USA. The World Trade Center consists of two side-by-side tower skyscrapers, four 7-story office buildings and a 22-story hotel. It was built in 1962-1976. The owners are the Port Authorities of New York and New Jersey. The World Trade Center was once the tallest twin towers in the world, a landmark building in New York City, and one of the tallest buildings in the world. On September 11, 2001, in the 9.11 incident that shocked the world, the two main buildings of the World Trade Center collapsed in terrorist attacks, and 2,753 people died. This is the worst terrorist attack in history.
The twin towers of the World Trade Center are designed with an innovative steel frame sleeve structure system, connecting the peripheral support structure with the central core structure through horizontal floor trusses. This design gives the building extraordinary stability. In addition to bearing the weight of the building, the external steel columns also withstand the wind forces acting on the tower. That is to say, the internal supporting structure only needs to bear its own vertical load.
Sydney Grand Theater
The Sydney Opera House is located in the northern part of downtown Sydney and is a landmark building in Sydney, designed by Danish architect Jorn Utzon. Below a shell-shaped roof is a water complex combining theater and hall. The internal architectural structure of the opera house is modeled after Mayan culture and Aztec temples. The building started construction in March 1959 and was officially completed and put into use on October 20, 1973. It took a total of 14 years. The Sydney Opera House is an Australian landmark and one of the most distinctive buildings of the 20th century. It was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2007.
The Sydney Opera House uses a folded reinforced concrete structure wall, and uses a folded multi-layer structure to support the roof, so that it can bear weight without destroying the curvature of the original design.
Beijing Bird’s Nest
The Bird’s Nest is the main stadium of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The gigantic stadium design, completed in collaboration with the 2001 Pritzker Prize winners Herzog & de Meuron and Chinese architect Li Xinggang, is shaped like a “nest” that breeds life. It is more like a cradle that entrusts human beings to hope for the future. The designers did not do any superfluous treatment to the National Stadium, but frankly exposed the structure, thus forming the appearance of the building naturally. In July 2007, the British “Times” once named the ten largest and most important construction projects under construction in the world, and “Bird’s Nest” was at the top of the list at that time. In the latest issue of the American “Time” magazine published on December 24 of the same year, it selected the top ten architectural wonders of the world in 2007, and the Bird’s Nest deserved to be on the list.
The best steel structure is the Bird’s Nest. The components of the structure support each other, forming a network-like framework, and the appearance of the undulating changes eases the sense of volume of the building, and endows it with a dramatic and powerful shape. The main building is in the shape of a space saddle ellipse, and is currently the single steel structure project with the largest span in the world.
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