As the use of steel structure workshops becomes more and more popular, the manufacturing, transportation and installation technology of steel structure factory building has received more and more attention, and has also been rapidly developed and continuously improved. How to further improve the manufacturing and installation accuracy of steel structure workshop building and reduce costs is a subject facing the steel structure workshop industry.
From the consideration of improving the installation accuracy of steel structure workshops, some problems and specific control methods that must be paid great attention to in the main links of fabrication, transportation, and installation are analyzed and summarized.
Manufacture and transportation control of steel structure workshop building
The manufacturing size of the steel structure workshop building is the basic and precondition to ensure the overall structure size and the smooth installation of the steel structure workshop. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately grasp such things as the straightness and twist of the steel column, the distance between the connecting hole of the column and the beam to the bottom plate of the column, the processing accuracy of the connecting hole itself, the straightness of the roof beam and the processing accuracy of the column-beam connecting plate, the beam-column The position size of the upper tie bar or support connecting plate relative to the beam and column itself, the position size of the purlin support plate, etc.
At present, the central column of the steel structure factory building is made of purchased H steel processing or plate assembly. If it is a ready-made H-shaped steel processing, the manufacturing precision of the column is easy to control. If it is assembled from plates, attention should be paid to shaping the steel column after assembly and welding to ensure the straightness of the steel column and prevent distortion.
Most of the roof beams are herringbone structures, often assembled by 2 or 4 trusses. Roof beams are generally assembled by the manufacturer with plates, and the webs of the beams are often trapezoidal. Manufacturers with strong technical capabilities can master the lofting and blanking of webs, while manufacturers with weak technical capabilities sometimes have deviations in the lofting dimensions of webs. Since the external dimensions of the roof beam are related to the tightness of the connection between the beam and the column, the size of the web directly affects the external dimensions of the beam, so it is particularly important.
In the design of general steel structure factory buildings, there are often certain requirements for arching of roof beams. Its purpose is to counteract the downward deflection of the beam body due to the action of itself and the roof load after the overall installation, so that it just reaches the installation size. The height of the arch is determined by the design. In order to ensure the degree of camber, the dimensions of the roof beams have to be adjusted to a certain extent. From this point of view, the difficulty of making beams is far greater than that of columns. During the on-site inspection, we focus on the external dimensions of the beam and the connecting plate at the beam end as the key inspection items, the purpose of which is to ensure the overall effect after installation and the tightness between the beam and the column.
We have found such a situation that there is a wedge-shaped gap between the beam and the column after installation. At this time, the large hexagon head bolt has lost the main function proposed in the original design, and only bears the supporting role, and there is no friction between the beam and the column. force. In order to eliminate this hidden danger, we added shear keys on the underside of each column close to the beam connection plate to improve the support capacity of the roof system. Practice has proved that the effect is very good.
In actual construction, due to various factors, the beams and columns are often not tightly combined, and some seem to be combined, but in fact they do not meet the requirements, resulting in relatively weakened friction between the joint surfaces. In view of this, we hope that when designing a steel structure workshop building, it is recommended to add a shear key on the column panel close to the lower edge of the beam connection plate to ensure the support capacity of the column to the roof. Shear bonds are small, but they do a lot.
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